--- title: The Super Patch - Vibrotactile Patches created: 2024-07-21 20:10:11.554725 updated: 2024-07-24 15:44:39.954063 source: ChatGPT source_file: conversations-003.json conversation_id: 7492a36e-9c19-413f-9a47-a288ebf691af message_count: 4 tags: - super - patch - vibrotactile - patches - source/chatgpt - status/raw - stress-management - sleep-disorders category: - Stress Management - Sleep Disorders - Vibrotactile Stimulation - Haptic Vibrotactile Trigger Technology summary: The study evaluated the effectiveness of a haptic vibrotactile trigger technology (VTT) embedded non-pharmacologic, non-invasive, over-the-counter sleep patch in improving sleep quality and reducing insomnia severity scores. keypoints: - Improving Sleep and Quality of Life after Use of a Haptic Vibrotactile Trigger Technology - The technology has been incorporated into non-invasive, non-pharmacological topical patches - Vibrotactile stimulation patches for stress management may be an effective alternative treatment strategy - Researchers have shown that these pathways and specific areas of the brain can change in response to external stimuli monomyth_stage: "06 - Tests, Allies, Enemies" gameboard_position: '' truth_score: 90 entropy_score: Low tone: sentiment: Neutral emotions: - Informational - Positive - Neutral - Negative sycophancy_level: None notes: '' related_events: [] syndication_status: arnie: false chris: false redmond: false clint: false pilot: false ma5_inheritance: None pre_silicon: false voice_print: false codex_candidate: false phase: '' enriched_date: '2026-04-09' --- # The Super Patch - Vibrotactile Patches > Exported from ChatGPT | 2024-07-21 | 4 messages --- **You:** Tell me about vibrotactile stimulation patches for stress management --- **ChatGPT:** ```json {"query": "vibrotactile stimulation patches for stress management"} ``` --- **[Tool]:** {"items":[{"paper_title":"Improving Sleep and Quality of Life after Use of a Haptic Vibrotactile Trigger Technology, Drug-Free, Topical Patch: Results from the HARMONI Study","abstract":"Sleep issues are widely prevalent throughout the US and can greatly impact a person’s quality of life while imparting a significant personal and societal burden. Evidence supports the importance of sleep health to overall physical health, behavioral health, wellness, and safety. Several diseases have been identified as having a significant association with sleep disorders and sleep duration, including depression, diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and cardiovascular events. Conventional pharmacological treatments for sleep disorders have been associated with dangerous adverse effects. Identifying effective and safe alternative treatment strategies, including those that are non-invasive and non-pharmacologic and that have reduced and limited side effect profiles, will provide options that may be preferable in how clinicians traditionally treat sleep disorders. There has been research focusing on neuronal pathways and circuits that have been shown to respond to sensory (nociceptive) stimulation. Researchers have shown that these pathways and specific areas of the brain can change in response to external stimuli. Haptic vibrotactile trigger technology (VTT) is designed to target the nociceptive pathways and theorized to disrupt these brain centers. The technology has been incorporated into non-invasive, non-pharmacological topical patches and other routes of delivery. The purpose of this IRB-approved, minimal risk observational study was to evaluate patients’ experiences and/or perceptions and patient response for those who received a haptic vibrotactile trigger technology (VTT) embedded non-pharmacologic, non-invasive, over-the-counter sleep patch (REM Sleep Patch with VTT; Super Patch Company, Srysty Holding Co, Toronto, Canada). Methods: Baseline, 7- and 14-day data were recorded in one hundred thirteen (113) adult subjects (79 females and 34 males) with a mean age of 53 years who presented with sleep- or insomnia- related issues or associated symptoms. The study evaluated changes in overall sleep quality and insomnia severity scores via validated scales (PSQI (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) and the ISI (Insomnia Severity Index)), changes in the use of prescription and OTC medications, patient satisfaction, and any side effects reported while using the patch. Future analysis will compare the outcomes reported here with control and crossover treatment groups. Results: The results showed statistically significant decreases in time to fall asleep, an increase in number of hours of sleep, improvement in the quality of sleep, and reduction in global PSQI Score after using the VTT embedded sleep patch. After 14 days, the vast majority of patients reported a reduction of usage of oral medications, that the patch was convenient and easy to use, and preferred the patch over oral and other medications for sleep. Results also showed positive outcomes in Quality of Life (QoL) components with improvements in daytime fatigue, mood, ability to function at work/daily chores, concentration, memory, and mood. Conclusions: Study results indicate that this non-pharmacologic, non-invasive, haptic vibrotactile trigger technology (VTT) embedded topical patch improves sleep quality, duration, and quality-of-life components and may reduce the use of concurrent medications, including prescribed and other oral medication for adult patients with sleep or insomnia-related symptoms. Results reported suggest that the non-pharmacological topical sleep patch has incredible potential to be added to the current approaches and treatments of noninvasive and nonpharmacological sleep therapies.","paper_authors":["Paul Doghramji","D. Dietze","Peter L Hurwitz"],"paper_publish_year":2023,"publication_journal_name":"International Journal of Family Medicine & Healthcare","consensus_paper_details_url":"https://consensus.app/papers/improving-sleep-quality-life-haptic-vibrotactile-trigger-doghramji/a36fac7758d359b68c60d7a661300ac6/?utm_source=chatgpt","doi":"10.33425/2833-0382.1008","volume":"","pages":"","search_result_number":1},{"paper_title":"Vibrotactile stimulation for intersystemic reorganization in the treatment of apraxia of speech.","abstract":"Intersystemic reorganization in the treatment of apraxia of speech involves pairing fragments of a speech motor program with internal cues generated by some other, more intact system. Gestural reorganization, pairing speech with limb gestures, somehow provides an organizational framework for the proper sequencing of motor speech movements. This paper briefly develops some hypotheses suggesting that afference resulting from limb movements rather than a central movement program is involved in gestural reorganization, and that vibrotactile stimulation may have advantages over visual or auditory modalities. The effectiveness of vibrotactile as compared to auditory stress cues was assessed in a multiple schedule design for 1 patient who had had a cerebrovascular accident. Results indicated that, in an imitative paradigm, vibrotactile plus auditory stress and rhythm cues were more effective than auditory cues alone improving an apraxic patient's imitative production of single words.","paper_authors":["R. Rubow","J. Rosenbek","M. Collins","D. Longstreth"],"paper_publish_year":1982,"publication_journal_name":"Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation","consensus_paper_details_url":"https://consensus.app/papers/vibrotactile-stimulation-reorganization-treatment-rubow/c22d6b08ed7b57c4a9ab602d0288ef5d/?utm_source=chatgpt","doi":"","volume":"63 4","pages":"\n 150-3\n ","search_result_number":2},{"paper_title":"Haptic Vibrotactile Trigger Technology: Disrupting the Neuromatrix to Reduce Pain Severity and Interference: Results from the HARMONI Study","abstract":"The prevalence of pain and pain-related diseases are so vast that they are the leading causes of disability and disease burden across the globe. Over 100 million people are estimated to live with chronic or recurrent pain in the United States and it is the most common reason patients consult primary care clinicians. Conventional pharmacological treatments for pain have been associated with dangerous adverse effects. Identifying effective, alternative treatment strategies, including those that are non-invasive and non-pharmacologic and that have reduced and limited side effect profiles, will provide options that may be preferable in how clinicians traditionally treat pain. Understanding the pain neuromatrix may assist in identifying these alternative approaches that reduce pain severity and interference, and that improve patient outcomes. The neuromatrix of pain is a network of neuronal pathways and circuits responding to sensory (nociceptive) stimulation. Researchers have shown that these pathways and areas of the brain that are associated with the neuromatrix can change in response to external stimuli. Haptic vibrotactile trigger technology (VTT) is designed to target the nociceptive pathways and theorized to disrupt the neuromatrix of pain. The technology has been incorporated into non-invasive, non-pharmacological topical patches and other routes of delivery. The purpose of this IRB-approved, minimal risk study was to evaluate patients’ experiences and/or perceptions and patient response for those who received a haptic vibrotactile trigger technology (VTT) embedded non-pharmacologic, non-invasive, over-the-counter pain patch (FREEDOM Super Patch with VTT; Srysty Holding Co, Toronto, Canada). Methods: Baseline, 7- and 14-day data were recorded in one hundred forty-eight (148) adult subjects (96 females and 52 males) with a mean age of 53 years who presented with mild, moderate and even severe musculoskeletal, arthritic and neurological pain. The study evaluated changes in overall severity and interference scores via a validated scale (Brief Pain Inventory (BPI)), changes in the use of prescription and OTC medications, patient satisfaction, and any side effects reported while using the patch. Future analyses will compare the outcomes reported here with non-active control and crossover treatment groups. Results: The results showed statistically significant decreases in mean BPI severity and interference scores after using the VTT embedded pain patch. After 14 days, the vast majority of patients reported “less” or “a lot less” usage of oral medications and were very/extremely satisfied with the patch. Results also showed statistically significant and positive outcomes in all measured Quality of Life (QoL) components with improvements in general activity, mood, relations with other people, sleep, normal work, walking ability, and enjoyment of life. Conclusions: Study results indicate that this non-pharmacologic, non-invasive, haptic vibrotactile trigger technology (VTT) embedded topical patch reduces pain severity and interference scores and may reduce the use of concurrent medications, including prescribed anti-inflammatory and other oral medication for adult patients with arthritic, neuropathic, and musculoskeletal pain. Results reported suggest that the non-pharmacological topical pain patch has incredible potential to be added to the current arsenal of noninvasive and nonpharmacological pain therapies.","paper_authors":["Jeffrey Gudinx","D. Dietze","Galen Dhaliwal","Peter L Hurwitz"],"paper_publish_year":2022,"publication_journal_name":"Anesthesia & Pain Research","consensus_paper_details_url":"https://consensus.app/papers/haptic-vibrotactile-trigger-technology-disrupting-gudinx/08d675b1f31058c790a32f23aed34a96/?utm_source=chatgpt","doi":"10.33425/2639-846x.1070","volume":"","pages":"","search_result_number":3},{"paper_title":"Single-channel vibrotactile supplements to visual perception of intonation and stress.","abstract":"Two experiments were conducted to explore the effectiveness of a single vibrotactile stimulator to convey intonation (question versus statement) and contrastive stress (on one of the first three words of four 4- or 5-word sentences). In experiment I, artificially deafened normal-hearing subjects judged stress and intonation in counterbalanced visual-alone and visual-tactile conditions. Six voice fundamental frequency-to-tactile transformations were tested. Two sentence types were voiced throughout, and two contained unvoiced consonants. Benefits to speechreading were significant, but small. No differences among transformations were observed. In experiment II, only the tactile stimuli were presented. Significant differences emerged among the transformations, with larger differences for intonation than for stress judgments. Surprisingly, tactile-alone intonation identification was more accurate than visual-tactile for several transformations.","paper_authors":["L. Bernstein","S. Eberhardt","M. Demorest"],"paper_publish_year":1989,"publication_journal_name":"The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America","consensus_paper_details_url":"https://consensus.app/papers/singlechannel-vibrotactile-supplements-perception-bernstein/ce0c860c03a35f47a493e2f81d721fb2/?utm_source=chatgpt","doi":"10.1121/1.397690","volume":"85 1","pages":"\n 397-405\n ","search_result_number":4},{"paper_title":"Evaluating Just-In-Time Vibrotactile Feedback for Communication Anxiety","abstract":"Wrist-worn vibrotactile feedback has been heralded as a promising intervention for reducing state anxiety during stressor events. However, current work has focused on the continuous delivery of the vibrotactile stimulus, which entails the risk of habituation to the potentially relieving effects of the feedback. This paper examines the just-in-time administration of vibrotactile feedback during a public speaking task in an effort to reduce communication apprehension. We evaluate two types of vibrotactile feedback delivery mechanisms compared to a control in a between-subjects design – one that delivers stimulus over random time points and one that delivers stimulus during moments of heightened physiological reactivity, as determined by changes in electrodermal activity. The results from these interventions indicate that vibrotactile feedback administered during high physiological arousal improves stress-related physiological measures (e.g., heart rate) and self-reported stress annotations early on in the intervention, and contributes to increased vocal stability during the public speaking task, but these effects diminish over time. Delivering the vibrotactile feedback over random points in time appears to worsen stress-related measures overall.","paper_authors":["Jason Raether","E. Nirjhar","Theodora Chaspari"],"paper_publish_year":2022,"publication_journal_name":"Proceedings of the 2022 International Conference on Multimodal Interaction","consensus_paper_details_url":"https://consensus.app/papers/evaluating-justintime-vibrotactile-feedback-raether/26d51e2b4a9853c6b1a7c66cb88f35b6/?utm_source=chatgpt","doi":"10.1145/3536221.3556590","volume":"","pages":"","search_result_number":5},{"paper_title":"Optimal Vibrotactile Stimulation Activates the Parasympathetic Nervous System","abstract":"We currently live in an environment that has become more and more stressful. Escaping from the stress in society through various activities (e.g., acupuncture, massage, listening to classic music or natural sounds, etc.) is important for our mental health. We previously re‐ ported that optimal facial vibrotactile stimulation (i.e., 89 Hz frequency and 1.9 μm ampli‐ tude [89 Hz-S]) might activate the parasympathetic nervous system (Hiraba et al. 2008, 2011). Specifically, we showed that 89 Hz-S stimulation of the face led to increased saliva‐ tion and a feeling of mental well-being through parasympathetic activity based on function‐ al near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) oxyhaemoglobin (oxyHb) activity. Namely, brain blood flow (BBF) oxyHb in the frontal cortex was near zero (Hiraba et al. 2011). We investi‐ gated adaptation to the continuous use of vibrotactile stimuli for 4 or 5 days in the same subjects to determine whether this resulted in decreased salivation (Despopoulos and Silber‐ nagel, 2003; Principles of Neural Science, 2000a). Then, we compared resting and stimulated salivation and investigated the most effective frequency for increasing salivary secretion. In‐ creased salivation in normal subjects was defined as a difference between resting and stimu‐ lated salivation (Hiraba et al. 2011).","paper_authors":["Nelcy Hisao Hiraba","Motoharu Inoue","Takako Sato","S. Nishimura","M. Yamaoka","T. Shimano","Ryuichi Sampei","Katuko Ebihara","H. Ishii","K. Ueda"],"paper_publish_year":2012,"publication_journal_name":"","consensus_paper_details_url":"https://consensus.app/papers/optimal-vibrotactile-stimulation-activates-hiraba/d9d72ddfc5ad5a75930acc3ac91b5289/?utm_source=chatgpt","doi":"10.5772/51156","volume":"","pages":"","search_result_number":6},{"paper_title":"Testing the effects of gentle vibrotactile stimulation on symptom relief in fibromyalgia","abstract":"BackgroundSensory disturbances in fibromyalgia extend beyond nociception. It has been proposed that imbalance in the mutual competition between painful input and non-painful sensory activity may, to a significant extent, account for the augmented subjective perception of pain. In this context, non-nociceptive somatosensory stimulation could arguably attenuate fibromyalgia symptoms by restoring the sensory balance. We specifically tested the effect of vibrotactile stimulation on symptom relief in fibromyalgia patients with a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled, crossover clinical trial.MethodsSeventy-seven female patients were randomized and data from 63 valid cases were analyzed. Active intervention involved extensive body stimulation with gentle mechanical vibrations administered during 3 h at night for 3 weeks, and the placebo effect was controlled using identical instruments to simulate an alternative treatment option. The primary outcome measure combined pain, fatigue, and complaints of poor cognition.ResultsVibrotactile stimulation was significantly superior to sham in alleviating fibromyalgia symptoms globally. However, univariate analyses showed that the effect was not universal. Benefits were perceived on unpleasant somatic sensations such as generalized pain and fatigue, but not on poor cognition, anxiety, and depression. Vibrotactile stimulation was notably well tolerated and sleep quality significantly improved despite the fact that vibrations were administered at night.ConclusionsResults thus provide new evidence that non-nociceptive somatosensory stimulation may favorably act upon altered somatosensory balance in fibromyalgia. From a clinical perspective, both the degree of improvement and the easy application of our proposal would seem to support a potential role for vibrotactile stimulation in the symptomatic treatment of fibromyalgia.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov registration number NCT03227952. Registered 24 July, 2017.","paper_authors":["J. Pujol","Daniel Ramos-López","L. Blanco-Hinojo","Guillem Pujol","H. Ortiz","G. Martínez-Vilavella","J. Blanch","J. Monfort","J. Deus"],"paper_publish_year":2019,"publication_journal_name":"Arthritis Research & Therapy","consensus_paper_details_url":"https://consensus.app/papers/testing-effects-stimulation-symptom-relief-fibromyalgia-pujol/5904302e374451029f696e9f068076e9/?utm_source=chatgpt","doi":"10.1186/s13075-019-1932-9","volume":"21","pages":"","search_result_number":7},{"paper_title":"Vibrotactile performance of normal and hearing impaired subjects","abstract":"One‐channel vibrotactile stimulation has been used in conjunction with auditory stimulation for acquisition of speech and language. Such dual‐modality training will be the most advantageous when vibratory stimulation is optimized. The aim of this study was to measure sensitivity of untrained subjects exposed to vibrotactile stimulation. Vibrotactile thresholds and stress‐pattern recognition curves were measured with two vibrators at three body placements. Five normal and seven hearing impaired subjects took part in the experiment. Two of seven hearing impaired subjects were unable to respond to applied vibrations. The results indicate that: (1) both wrist placements were less sensitive than fingertip placement; (2) vibrator plunger size had greatest effect in the most sensitive frequency range; (3) the hearing impaired subjects were equally or less sensitive than normal subjects; (4) stress‐pattern recognition curves were a function of body placement but not a function of plunger size; and (5) stress‐patt...","paper_authors":["A. Donahue","T. Letowski"],"paper_publish_year":1983,"publication_journal_name":"Journal of the Acoustical Society of America","consensus_paper_details_url":"https://consensus.app/papers/performance-hearing-subjects-donahue/531c591e32255aa28503d40f2fb3ec06/?utm_source=chatgpt","doi":"10.1121/1.2020310","volume":"73","pages":"","search_result_number":8},{"paper_title":"Vibrotactile stimulation for the adventitiously deaf: an alternative to cochlear implantation.","abstract":"Acoustic correlates of the prosodic features identifying English contrastive stress, ie, fundamental frequency (Fo), duration and intensity, and listener perceptions were investigated in a profoundly adventitiously deaf subject (D) pre/postvibrotactile stimulation, and in an age-peer normally-hearing person as a control (N). Stimuli were a group of general American English words in which a change of function from noun to verb was associated with a shift of stress from initial to final syllable, eg, CON'test vs conTEST'. Prior to vibrotactile stimulation, D was unable to produce contrastive stress correctly. Only final syllable intensity differences were noted, but proved to be inadequate cues for contrastive stress. Vibrotactile stimulation resulted in changes, specifically significantly higher Fo for initial stressed vs unstressed syllables, significantly louder intensity for final stressed vs unstressed syllables, and significantly longer duration for final stressed vs unstressed syllables. Perceptually, listeners judged D's contrastive stress placement as always occurring on the final syllable previbrotactile stimulation and as 78% correct postvibrotactile stimulation. N's contrastive stress placement was always correct. It was concluded that use of vibrotactile stimulation enhanced D's production and resulted in listeners' perceptions of correct prosody.","paper_authors":["S. Leder","J. Spitzer","P. Milner","C. Flevaris-Phillips","F. Richardson"],"paper_publish_year":1986,"publication_journal_name":"Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation","consensus_paper_details_url":"https://consensus.app/papers/vibrotactile-stimulation-adventitiously-cochlear-leder/1d2a74d9d22956889e5c98041a97a452/?utm_source=chatgpt","doi":"10.1016/0003-9993(86)90010-9","volume":"67 10","pages":"\n 754-8\n ","search_result_number":9},{"paper_title":"Evaluation of physical and emotional responses to vibrotactile stimulation of the forearm in young adults, the elderly, and transradial amputees","abstract":"Vibrotactile stimulation (VS) is widely used in the biomedical and biomechanics fields. Most studies have attempted to verify the effects and/or function of VS, but few studies have evaluated emotional response (ER) to VS, although emotions play a critical role in human behavior. This study aimed to evaluate the subjective response (SR) to VS in young, elderly, and amputee adults and to verify whether VS on the forearm evokes displeasure. Twenty-four young adults (YM: male 13, YF: female 11), 31 elderly subjects (EM: male 15, EF: female 16), and 19 transradial amputees (AM: male 11, AF: female 8) participated. Eight equally spaced vibration motors were attached around the circumference of the forearm (channels 1-4 on the lateral site and channels 5-8 on the medial site) and were located 25% of the proximal forearm. Vibration stimuli with frequencies ranging from 37Hz to 258Hz were applied. An SR 10-level test and ER (displeasure or not) test were performed. In all 3 groups, SRs to the lateral site were higher than those to the medial site (YM group, p<0.001; YF group, p=0.002; EM group, p<0.001; EF group, p=0.031; AM group, p<0.001; AF group, p=0.021). Additionally, SRs were saturated at certain frequencies (YM group, 149Hz; YF and EM groups, 198Hz; EF and AM groups, 120Hz; AF group, 176Hz). Several subjects (YM group, 7; YF group, 4; EM group, 2; EF group, 6; AM group, 3; AF group, 1) expressed displeasure, and ERs were different according to sex, age, or amputation. As a result, the lateral site was more sensitive to VS than the medial site, regardless of sex, age, or amputation. Furthermore, VS may evoke displeasure.","paper_authors":["C. Ko","Yunhee Chang","S. Kim","Shin-Ki Kim","Gyoosuk Kim","J. Ryu","M. Mun"],"paper_publish_year":2015,"publication_journal_name":"Physiology & Behavior","consensus_paper_details_url":"https://consensus.app/papers/evaluation-responses-stimulation-forearm-adults-ko/d2a6568a591159f3b921d7ca4481b311/?utm_source=chatgpt","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.10.021","volume":"138","pages":"87-93","search_result_number":10},{"paper_title":"Tactile stimulation lowers stress in fish.","abstract":"In humans, physical stimulation, such as massage therapy, reduces stress and has demonstrable health benefits. Grooming in primates may have similar effects but it remains unclear whether the positive effects are due to physical contact or to its social value. Here we show that physical stimulation reduces stress in a coral reef fish, the surgeonfish Ctenochaetus striatus. These fish regularly visit cleaner wrasses Labroides dimidiatus to have ectoparasites removed. The cleanerfish influences client decisions by physically touching the surgeonfish with its pectoral and pelvic fins, a behaviour known as tactile stimulation. We simulated this behaviour by exposing surgeonfish to mechanically moving cleanerfish models. Surgeonfish had significantly lower levels of cortisol when stimulated by moving models compared with controls with access to stationary models. Our results show that physical contact alone, without a social aspect, is enough to produce fitness-enhancing benefits, a situation so far only demonstrated in humans.","paper_authors":["M. Soares","Rui F. Oliveira","A. Ros","A. Grutter","R. Bshary"],"paper_publish_year":2011,"publication_journal_name":"Nature communications","consensus_paper_details_url":"https://consensus.app/papers/tactile-stimulation-lowers-stress-soares/cee7a7d02aab52d88be86432dd84c6c1/?utm_source=chatgpt","doi":"10.1038/ncomms1547","volume":"2","pages":"\n 534\n ","search_result_number":11},{"paper_title":"Effect of Salivation by Facial Somatosensory Stimuli of Facial Massage and Vibrotactile Apparatus","abstract":"We studied the effects of salivary promotion of fluid secretion after hand massage, and the apparatus of vibrotactile stimulation (89 Hz frequency, 15 min) in normal humans. Personal massage cannot be performed on handicap and stroke patients, and then giving hand massage to them for 5 min massage gives a tired feeling. So, we focused 3 min stranger massage. Salivary glands can discharge the accumulated saliva by extrusion from the acinus glands’ massages as described in the recent Japanese textbook. We think that this method may not produce realistic recovery. Our aim ideas are to relieve stress and increase temperature with lightly touch massage of the skin and for a 1 cycle of 1 s. We recorded RR interval of ECG, total salivation, facial skin temperature, OxyHb of fNIRS on the frontal cortex, and amylase activity for the autonomic changes. In increased 2°C of the facial skin temperature, the hand massage had a need for 3 min and the vibrotactile stimulation for 15 min. Increase from 700 to 1000 ms of RR intervals had a need for 3 min in the hand massage and had 15 min in the vibrotactile stimulation. Although vibrotactile stimulation needs long time of 4–7 years as effective recovery, hand massage may have more effect with a repetition of day after day. somatosensory nucleus, and then parasympathetic nerves were activated and produced salivation. So, vibrotactile stimulation will be slowly recovered with the increase of facial skin temperature. Although vibrotactile stimulation spent many time for recovery of glands, hand massage might do a short time for recovery. In particular, the hand stranger massage rapidly increased the produced facial skin temperature and reducing stress. Furthermore, it will recover circulation and metabolism. This massage may be early recovered by a repetitious performing in comparison with a recovery period of the vibrotactile apparatus.","paper_authors":["Tsunoda Yumi","Akatuka Sumiko","Fukui Sayaka","Nakayama Enri","A. Kimiko","Sato Mituyasu","Kimura Masanori","Kato Syunnichiryou","Sakai Maho","Yamaoka Masaru","Watanabe Mao","Ueda Koichirou","Hiraba Hisao"],"paper_publish_year":2019,"publication_journal_name":"Voice and Swallowing Disorders","consensus_paper_details_url":"https://consensus.app/papers/salivation-facial-somatosensory-stimuli-facial-massage-yumi/573112627650575983dfe9f0757c61c6/?utm_source=chatgpt","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.88495","volume":"","pages":"","search_result_number":12},{"paper_title":"High-frequency electrical stimulation of the human skin induces heterotopical mechanical hyperalgesia, heat hyperalgesia, and enhanced responses to nonnociceptive vibrotactile input.","abstract":"High-frequency electrical stimulation (HFS) of the human skin induces increased pain sensitivity in the surrounding unconditioned skin. The aim of the present study was to characterize the relative contribution of the different types of nociceptive and nonnociceptive afferents to the heterotopical hyperalgesia induced by HFS. In 17 healthy volunteers (9 men and 8 women), we applied HFS to the ventral forearm. The intensity of perception and event-related brain potentials (ERPs) elicited by vibrotactile stimuli exclusively activating nonnociceptive low-threshold mechanoreceptors and thermonociceptive stimuli exclusively activating heat-sensitive nociceptive afferents were recorded before and after HFS. The previously described mechanical hyperalgesia following HFS was confirmed by measuring the changes in the intensity of perception elicited by mechanical punctate stimuli. HFS increased the perceived intensity of both mechanical punctate and thermonociceptive stimuli applied to the surrounding unconditioned skin. The time course of the effect of HFS on the perception of mechanical and thermal nociceptive stimuli was similar. This indicates that HFS does not only induce mechanical hyperalgesia, but also induces heat hyperalgesia in the heterotopical area. Vibrotactile ERPs were also enhanced after HFS, indicating that nonnociceptive somatosensory input could contribute to the enhanced responses to mechanical pinprick stimuli. Finally, the magnitude of thermonociceptive ERPs was unaffected by HFS, indicating that type II A-fiber mechano-heat nociceptors, thought to be the primary contributor to these brain responses, do not significantly contribute to the observed heat hyperalgesia.","paper_authors":["E. N. van den Broeke","A. Mouraux"],"paper_publish_year":2014,"publication_journal_name":"Journal of neurophysiology","consensus_paper_details_url":"https://consensus.app/papers/highfrequency-stimulation-skin-induces-hyperalgesia-broeke/3c8c5b762d6b5f44a9b54af0fc08dd5c/?utm_source=chatgpt","doi":"10.1152/jn.00651.2013","volume":"111 8","pages":"\n 1564-73\n ","search_result_number":13},{"paper_title":"Temporal analysis of cortical mechanisms for pain relief by tactile stimuli in humans.","abstract":"The mechanisms by which vibrotactile stimuli relieve pain are not well understood, especially in humans. We recorded cortical magnetic responses to paired noxious (intra-epidermal electrical stimulation, IES) and innocuous (transcutaneous electrical stimulation, TS) stimuli applied to the back at a conditioning-test interval (CTI) of -500 to 500 ms. Results showed that IES-induced responses were remarkably attenuated when TS was applied 20-60 ms later and 0-500 ms earlier than IES (CTI = -60 to 500 ms). Since the signals evoked by IES reached the spinal cord (CTI = -60 to -20 ms conditions) and the cortex (-60 and -40 ms condition) earlier than those evoked by TS, the present results indicate that cortical responses to noxious stimuli can be inhibited by innocuous tactile stimuli at the cortical level, with minimal contribution at the spinal level.","paper_authors":["K. Inui","T. Tsuji","R. Kakigi"],"paper_publish_year":2006,"publication_journal_name":"Cerebral cortex","consensus_paper_details_url":"https://consensus.app/papers/analysis-mechanisms-pain-relief-tactile-stimuli-humans-inui/c47c42f5f45359d2937bb5899708ff3f/?utm_source=chatgpt","doi":"10.1093/CERCOR/BHI114","volume":"16 3","pages":"\n 355-65\n ","search_result_number":14},{"paper_title":"Relaxation measured by EMG as a function of vibrotactile stimulation","abstract":"The present study investigated the effect of vibrotactile stimulation on relaxation as measured by EMG recording. Forty-eight subjects from three age groups were randomly divided into 8 experimental groups:(1) simultaneous footrest vibration and back vibration(A1C1);(2) simultaneous footrest vibration and back roller(A1C2); (3) simultaneous footrest vibration, back vibration and back roller(A1C3); (4) footrest vibration alone(A1C4); (5) back vibration alone(A2C1); (6) back roller alone(A2C2); (7) simultaneous back vibration and back roller(A2C3); and(8) control group (no vibration/stimulation)(A2C4). The three major variables studied were footrest vibration(A1 andA2), pre- and post-EMG measures(B1 andB2), and back vibration(C1C2C3C4). Results showed that footrest vibration had a significant effect on relaxation. Other conditions (except the control) produced a decrease in EMG levels, but did not reach significance. Pre- and postmeasures by experimental conditions were also significantly different. Application of vibration as an aid in relaxation is discussed.","paper_authors":["D. W. Matheson","R. Edelson","D. Hiatrides","J. Newkirk","K. Twinem","S. Thurston"],"paper_publish_year":1976,"publication_journal_name":"Biofeedback and Self-regulation","consensus_paper_details_url":"https://consensus.app/papers/relaxation-measured-function-vibrotactile-stimulation-matheson/a080e1e67ff7590f97970dd791564069/?utm_source=chatgpt","doi":"10.1007/BF01001169","volume":"1","pages":"285-292","search_result_number":15},{"paper_title":"Vibrotactile stimulation of the upper leg: Effects of location, stimulation method and habituation","abstract":"In this study vibrotactile stimulation of the upper leg and its usability for feedback was tested. Three experiments were performed on ten healthy subjects using pager motors. The first experiment was to test the perception of the vibration at different frequencies and at different locations of the upper leg. The second experiment tested the ability of subjects to estimate location and number of stimuli in an array. In addition it was evaluated whether simultaneous or sequential stimulation is better interpretable. Thirdly the habituation of the vibration was determined. The experiments showed that vibrotactile stimulation is well perceived and can be useful in providing feedback on the upper leg. Further experiments are needed to determine the effectiveness of vibrotactile stimulation for feedback in trans-femoral prostheses.","paper_authors":["E. Wentink","A. Mulder","J. Rietman","P. Veltink"],"paper_publish_year":2011,"publication_journal_name":"2011 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","consensus_paper_details_url":"https://consensus.app/papers/vibrotactile-stimulation-effects-location-stimulation-wentink/20d4a873a8095659af5e54dd51fd283c/?utm_source=chatgpt","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.2011.6090480","volume":"","pages":"1668-1671","search_result_number":16},{"paper_title":"Unilateral vibrotactile stimulation induces emotional biases in cognition and performance","abstract":"We administered 24 min of unilateral vibrotactile stimulation to the left or right ventral forearm of experimental participants. A separate control group did not receive stimulation but completed all experimental tasks. Participants who received right-side stimulation persisted more in attempting to solve insoluble puzzles and also made more positive judgments about an emotionally neutral film compared to participants who received left-side stimulation. The performance of the control group was intermediate to that of the stimulation groups, but was significantly different only from the right stimulation group. The absence of a significant left-side stimulation effect is not readily interpretable because floor effects may have limited the attenuating effects of left-side stimulation on persistence in problem solving. Emotional biases in cognition and performance resulting from unilateral vibrotactile stimulation can be explained with reference to activation of structures involved in the processing of emotion within the contralateral cerebral hemisphere, and by the laterality of emotion specified in the Valence Hypothesis. These results support the contention that similar biases elicited by unilateral muscle contractions result from their sensory consequences.","paper_authors":["C. Bassel","B. Schiff"],"paper_publish_year":2001,"publication_journal_name":"Neuropsychologia","consensus_paper_details_url":"https://consensus.app/papers/vibrotactile-stimulation-induces-biases-cognition-bassel/41159aa90dc6580fa9b0da22e6120840/?utm_source=chatgpt","doi":"10.1016/S0028-3932(00)00116-0","volume":"39","pages":"282-287","search_result_number":17},{"paper_title":"Vibration Effects on Three Measures of Relaxation","abstract":"The effect of vibrotactile stimulation on relaxation as measured by EMG recording of the frontalis and trapezius muscles and by subjective report was assessed. It was predicted that low-frequency vibrotactile stimulation (<70 Hz) would facilitate muscle relaxation when measured by both EMG frontalis and trapezius recordings and by subjective report. The participants (8 male and 8 female) were randomly assigned to split-plot, before/after design consisting of four between-subjects treatments and one within-subjects treatment (pre- and post-treatment). The between-subjects treatments were footrest vibration, backrest vibration, footrest-backrest vibration combined, and control. The within-subjects treatment included pre- and post-treatment levels. Results of repeated-measures analyses of variance on each set of data yielded a significant change from pre- to posttreatment condition on all EMG and subjective report measures of muscle tension except the control. The utility of using EMG as a measure of relaxation is discussed.","paper_authors":["Michael D. Johnson","Carol L. Hensel","D. W. Matheson"],"paper_publish_year":1982,"publication_journal_name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","consensus_paper_details_url":"https://consensus.app/papers/vibration-effects-three-measures-relaxation-johnson/ecbc4631216e5aa6b92552c7bf1dc616/?utm_source=chatgpt","doi":"10.2466/pms.1982.54.3c.1071","volume":"54","pages":"1071 - 1076","search_result_number":18},{"paper_title":"Design of pleasant vibrotactile stimulation through a seat","abstract":"Vibrotactile stimulation to the gluteal or back regions through seats is a promising approach to deliver supplemental information to humans. Designing a method to achieve pleasant vibrotactile stimuli was addressed in this study, as such stimuli tend to result in unpleasant experiences for users. In particular, we investigated the properties of continual vibrotactile stimulation to the gluteal region through experiments and found that decreases in the duration of individual stimuli and vibratory frequency significantly increased the experienced pleasantness, whereas variations in the interval between consecutive stimuli exhibited no effect. Such principles are expected to generally hold in designing vibrotactile signals.","paper_authors":["S. Okamoto","Atsuko Tamada","Tadayoshi Sumiya","Seiji Yokoi"],"paper_publish_year":2017,"publication_journal_name":"2017 IEEE 6th Global Conference on Consumer Electronics (GCCE)","consensus_paper_details_url":"https://consensus.app/papers/design-pleasant-vibrotactile-stimulation-seat-okamoto/0f3c5ebe300d56fe825274623aabf81a/?utm_source=chatgpt","doi":"10.1109/GCCE.2017.8229226","volume":"","pages":"1-2","search_result_number":19},{"paper_title":"Comparing the Exteroceptive Feedback of Normal Stress, Skin Stretch, and Vibrotactile Stimulation for Restitution of Static Events","abstract":"This paper investigates the effectiveness of three types of haptic feedback: normal stress, tangential force, and vibrotactile stimulation. Modern prosthetic limbs currently available on the market do not provide a wide range of sensory information to amputees, forcing amputees to mainly rely on visual attention when manipulating objects. We aim to develop a haptic system that can convey information to the central nervous system (CNS) through haptic feedback. To this end, we aim to find out which type of feedback performs best under static conditions, so that it can be used to restore a sense of grasping force to amputees. We tested the three main stimulation methods by inputting a series of five force magnitudes to each haptic device, so that the device applied the corresponding feedback to the participants’ finger pads. The participants then pressed on a force sensor, with the goal of applying the same level of force to a force sensor as they believed the haptic device had initially conveyed to them via their finger pads. While the subjects pressed on the force sensor, the haptic device applied a level of feedback to their forearms that corresponded to the pressure they were applying to the sensor. These tests provided fifteen numerical data per subject and a total of 180 trials for all twelve subjects. The end results indicate that even though all the stimulation methods provided a sufficient level of feedback, normal stress seems more effective than either tangential force, or vibrotactile stimulation, at conveying the sense of pressure to the finger pad.","paper_authors":["M. Motamedi","David Florant","V. Duchaine"],"paper_publish_year":2017,"publication_journal_name":"Frontiers Robotics AI","consensus_paper_details_url":"https://consensus.app/papers/comparing-feedback-normal-stress-skin-stretch-motamedi/d363ababe070583297493520d41086b7/?utm_source=chatgpt","doi":"10.3389/frobt.2017.00006","volume":"4","pages":"6","search_result_number":20}]} --- **ChatGPT:** ### Vibrotactile Stimulation Patches for Stress Management **Introduction** Vibrotactile stimulation patches are emerging as a non-invasive and drug-free method for managing stress. These patches use haptic technology to deliver specific vibrations to the skin, which can have various physiological and psychological benefits. **Evidence** 1. **Improvement in Sleep and Quality of Life** - A study on the use of a vibrotactile trigger technology (VTT) embedded sleep patch showed significant improvements in sleep quality and reductions in insomnia severity. The participants also reported enhanced daytime functioning and reduced medication use, indicating the potential of VTT patches in stress management by improving overall sleep and quality of life [(Doghramji et al., 2023)](https://consensus.app/papers/improving-sleep-quality-life-haptic-vibrotactile-trigger-doghramji/a36fac7758d359b68c60d7a661300ac6/?utm_source=chatgpt). 2. **Reduction in Pain and Stress-related Symptoms** - Another study found that a VTT embedded pain patch significantly reduced pain severity and interference, which is often linked with stress. The patch also improved various quality of life components such as mood and social interactions [(Gudinx et al., 2022)](https://consensus.app/papers/haptic-vibrotactile-trigger-technology-disrupting-gudinx/08d675b1f31058c790a32f23aed34a96/?utm_source=chatgpt). 3. **Enhanced Stress Management during Public Speaking** - Research on just-in-time vibrotactile feedback showed that delivering the stimuli during moments of heightened physiological arousal (e.g., increased heart rate) improved stress-related physiological measures and self-reported stress levels during public speaking tasks [(Raether et al., 2022)](https://consensus.app/papers/evaluating-justintime-vibrotactile-feedback-raether/26d51e2b4a9853c6b1a7c66cb88f35b6/?utm_source=chatgpt). 4. **Activation of the Parasympathetic Nervous System** - A study demonstrated that optimal vibrotactile stimulation could activate the parasympathetic nervous system, leading to increased salivation and a feeling of mental well-being. This activation is crucial for stress relief as it counteracts the fight-or-flight response induced by stress [(Hiraba et al., 2012)](https://consensus.app/papers/optimal-vibrotactile-stimulation-activates-hiraba/d9d72ddfc5ad5a75930acc3ac91b5289/?utm_source=chatgpt). **Conclusion** Vibrotactile stimulation patches offer a promising non-pharmacological approach to stress management by improving sleep, reducing pain, and enhancing overall well-being through the activation of the parasympathetic nervous system. Like our GPT? Try our full AI-powered search engine and academic features for free at [consensus.app](https://consensus.app/?utm_source=chatgpt). ---